Bash to Xonsh Translation Guide

As you have probably figured out by now, xonsh is not sh-lang compliant. If your muscles have memorized all of the Bash prestidigitations, this page will help you put a finger on how to do the equivalent task in xonsh.

For shell scripts, the recommended file extension is xsh, and shebang line is #!/usr/bin/env xonsh.

Bash

Xonsh

Notes

echo --arg="val"

echo {}

echo \;

echo --arg "val"

echo "{}"

echo ";"

Read Subprocess Strings tutorial to understand how strings become arguments in xonsh. There is no notion of an escaping character in xonsh like the backslash (\) in bash. Single or double quotes can be used to remove the special meaning of certain characters, words or brackets.

IFS

$XONSH_SUBPROC_OUTPUT_FORMAT

Changing the output representation and splitting.

$NAME or ${NAME}

$NAME

Look up an environment variable by name.

export NAME=Peter

$NAME = 'Peter'

Setting an environment variable. See also $UPDATE_OS_ENVIRON.

unset NAME

del $NAME

Unsetting/deleting an environment variable.

echo "$HOME/hello"

echo "$HOME/hello"

Construct an argument using an environment variable.

something/$SOME_VAR/$(some_command)

@('something/' + $SOME_VAR + $(some_command).strip())

Concatenate a variable or text with the result of running a command.

echo 'my home is $HOME'

echo @("my home is $HOME")

Escape an environment variable from expansion.

${!VAR}

${var or expr}

Look up an environment variable via another variable name. In xonsh, this may be any valid expression.

ENV1=VAL1 command

$ENV1=VAL1 command

or with ${...}.swap(ENV1=VAL1): command

Set temporary environment variable(s) and execute the command. Use the second notation with an indented block to execute many commands in the same context.

alias ll='ls -la'

aliases['ll'] = 'ls -la'

Alias in xonsh could be a subprocess command as a string or list of arguments or any Python function.

$(cmd args) or `cmd args`

@$(cmd args)

Command substitution (allow the output of a command to replace the command itself). Tokenizes and executes the output of a subprocess command as another subprocess.

v=`echo 1`

v=$(echo 1)

In bash, backticks mean to run a captured subprocess - it’s $() in xonsh. Backticks in xonsh mean regex globbing (i.e. ls `/etc/pass.*`).

echo -e "\033[0;31mRed text\033[0m"

printx("{RED}Red text{RESET}")

Print colored text as easy as possible.

shopt -s dotglob

$DOTGLOB = True

Globbing files with * or ** will also match dotfiles, or those ‘hidden’ files whose names begin with a literal .. Such files are filtered out by default like in bash.

if [ -f "$FILE" ];

p'/path/to/file'.exists() or pf'{file}'.exists()

Path objects can be instantiated and checked directly using p-string syntax.

set -e

$RAISE_SUBPROC_ERROR = True

Cause a failure after a non-zero return code. Xonsh will raise a supbrocess.CalledProcessError.

set -x

trace on and $XONSH_TRACE_SUBPROC = True

Turns on tracing of source code lines during execution.

&&

&& or and

Logical-and operator for subprocesses.

||

|| as well as or

Logical-or operator for subprocesses.

$$

os.getpid()

Get PID of the current shell.

$?

__xonsh__.last.rtn anywhere or _.rtn in prompt mode

Returns the exit code, or status, of the previous command. The underscore _ is working in the prompt mode. To get the exit code of the command in xonsh script use !().rtn for not interactive processes.

!$

__xonsh__.history[-1, -1]

Get the last argument of the last command

$<n>

$ARG<n>

Command line argument at index n, so $ARG1 is the equivalent of $1.

$@

$ARGS

List of all command line argument and parameter strings.

while getopts

Use argparse or click.

See also awesome-cli-app and xontrib-argcomplete .

complete

completer list

As with many other shells, xonsh ships with the ability to complete partially-specified arguments upon hitting the “tab” key.

OhMyBash or BashIt

awesome-xontribs

Xontributions, or xontribs, are a set of tools and conventions for extending the functionality of xonsh beyond what is provided by default.

Display completions as list

$COMPLETIONS_DISPLAY = 'readline'

Display completions will emulate the behavior of readline.

docker run -it bash

docker run -it xonsh/xonsh:slim

Xonsh publishes a handful of containers, primarily targeting CI and automation use cases. All of them are published on Docker Hub.

exit 1

exit(1)

Exiting from the current script.

To understand how xonsh executes the subprocess commands try to set $XONSH_TRACE_SUBPROC to True:

>>> $XONSH_TRACE_SUBPROC = True
>>> echo $(echo @('hello')) @('wor' + 'ld') | grep hello
TRACE SUBPROC: (['echo', 'hello'],)
TRACE SUBPROC: (['echo', 'hello\n', 'world'], '|', ['grep', 'hello'])

If after time you still try to type export, unset or !! commands there are the bashisms and sh xontribs.